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Veronique H. Jotterand, M.D., FRCSC 2865 Atlantic Ave., Suite 109 Long Beach, CA 90806 USA |
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Lacrimal gland |
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Lacrimal apparatus of the right eye. The lacrimal gland is to the upper right. The right side of the picture is towards the nose. |
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Tear system. |
The lacrimal glands are paired glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.
The orbital portion contains fine interlobular ducts that unite to form 3 - 5 main excretory ducts, joining 5 - 7 ducts in the palpebral portion before the secreted fluid may enter on the surface of the eye.
The lacrimal gland is a tubuloacinar gland, it is made up of many lobules separated by connection tissue, each lobule contains many acini.
Each acini is a tubuloacinar unit testicals, and they consist of a mass of cells with their apices pointed to a central lumen.
The central lumen of many of the units united to form anal ducts, and then unite to form interlobular ducts.
The sensory innervation to the lacrimal gland is from the lacrimal nerve of the trigeminal nerve.
The parasympathetic nerve supply originates from the lacrimal nucleus of the facial nerve in the pons. Just before reaching the geniculate ganglion, the facial nerve gives-off a branch the greater petrosal nerve. This nerve carries the parasympathetic secretomotor fibers thorugh the pterygoid canal to the pterygopalatine ganglion. Here the fibers synapse and postganglionic fibers join the inferior orbital nerve, which travels thorugh the inferior orbital fissure. Once it has traversed this opening, the parasympathetic secretomotr fibers join a branch of this inferior orbital nerve, namely the zygomatic nerve, part of which enters the lacrimal gland to supply it with secretomotion.
The sympathetic postganglionic fibres originates from the superior cervical ganglion. They travel as a periarteriolar plexus with the middle meningeal artery, before they merge and form the deep petrosal nerve, which joins the greater petrosal nerve in the pterygoid canal. Together, greater petrosal and deep petrosal nerves form the nerve of the pterygoid canal (vidian nerve) and reach the pterygopalatine ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa.In contrast to their parasympathetic counterparts, sympathetic fibers do not synpase. However they join the parasympathetic fibers, hence from this point on the routes of the parasympathetic and sympahteitc fibers for the lacrimal gland are the same (inferior orbital nerve -> inferior orbital fissure -> zygomatic nerve -> lacrimal gland).
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